Kidneys, the unsung heroes of our bodies, are bean-shaped organs approximately 10 to 12 cm in length, nestled on either side of the backbone. Each kidney boasts a complex structure with around 1 million nephrons, the functional units responsible for myriad functions, including waste filtration. Let's explore some common kidney conditions – Stones, cancer/tumor, cysts, and swelling (hydronephrosis)- and explore their symptoms, causes, and treatment options
Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard deposits that form in the kidneys. These stones can vary in size and composition and may be made up of various minerals and salts. The most common types of kidney stones include calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, and struvite stones.
Kidney stones form when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus. When these substances are present in high concentrations, they can crystallize and clump together, forming solid masses. The stones can range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball.
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Schedule ConsultationThe symptoms and signs of kidney stones can vary depending on the size and location of the stone. Common symptoms and signs of kidney stones include:
RIRS - RIRS is a minimally invasive procedure to treat kidney stones. It involves accessing the kidney through the natural urinary tract without the need for incisions. A thin, flexible ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra and guided to the kidney. Laser energy is then used to break down and fragment the stones, which are later naturally passed through urine. It is Less invasive, reduces recovery time, and is generally suitable for smaller stones.
PCNL - PCNL is a surgical procedure for larger kidney stones. It involves making a small incision in the back to access the kidney directly. A nephroscope is inserted through the incision to locate and remove the stones. Larger stones may be broken down with ultrasonic or laser energy before extraction. It is Effective for larger stones and often requires a shorter hospital stay compared to traditional open surgery.
URSL - URSL is a procedure that treats stones located in the ureter or kidneys using a ureteroscope.A thin, flexible ureteroscope is passed through the urethra and bladder into the ureter. Laser or pneumatic energy is used to break up or disintegrate the stones for easier passage. Minimally invasive, suitable for stones in the ureter, and often an outpatient procedure.
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Schedule ConsultationKidney stones form when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up urine, leading to the crystallization of minerals and salts. Several factors can contribute to the development of kidney stones, and these include:
Diagnosing kidney stones typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Here are the common methods used for testing and diagnosing kidney stones:
Medical History and Physical Examination:
Imaging Studies:
Laboratory Tests:
24-Hour Urine Collection:
Stone Analysis:
It’s a good idea to see an urologist, if you suspect you have kidney stones or are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is important to seek prompt medical attention. Kidney stones can lead to complications, such as urinary tract infections or obstruction of the urinary tract and may require intervention to alleviate symptoms and prevent further issues.
Additionally, individuals with a history of kidney stones, a family history of kidney stones, or certain medical conditions that increase the risk of stone formation should consider regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor their kidney health and take preventive measures. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help in effectively treating kidney stones and preventing their recurrence.
Dr Saini is a urologist with specialized training and experience in performing RIRS Surgery. He keeps up to date with the latest advances in RIRS Urology Procedures and techniques, ensuring that his patients receive the best possible care.
Renal cell carcinoma, or kidney cancer, arises when cells in the kidneys grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor.
Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer:
Common Symptoms:
Advanced Stages (Metastasis):
Kidney cysts are typically benign growths, posing no cancerous threat. Most individuals with kidney cysts remain asymptomatic, living without awareness of these cystsSymptoms:
Kidney cysts are often incidentally discovered during abdominal ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans for unrelated health concerns. These imaging tests aid in distinguishing between cysts and tumors.
Blood tests may be conducted to assess kidney function and determine if the cyst affects kidney performance. A detailed medical history regarding symptoms is also considered in the diagnostic process.
Surgical intervention may be necessary if a kidney cyst causes symptoms, enlarges, or hinders kidney function. Treatment options include
Kidney swelling, medically known as hydronephrosis, is characterized by the accumulation of urine in the kidneys due to an obstruction in the urinary tract. This obstruction prevents the normal flow of urine, leading to the dilation and swelling of the kidneys. Hydronephrosis can affect one or both kidneys and may vary in severity.
Causes of Kidney Swelling:
Symptoms of Kidney Swelling:
Diagnosis:
The treatment choice for kidney swelling depends on the underlying cause and the severity of hydronephrosis. Options include:
It is crucial for individuals experiencing symptoms of kidney swelling to seek prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent complications and help preserve kidney function